A evolução da humanidade estimula o desenvolvimento das tecnologias, notadamente no que tange às pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Nesse âmbito reside a proteção das pessoas ante os riscos das pesquisas. Este artigo analisa a dignidade penal e carência de tutela penal nas pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Nele é constatada a existência de situações graves que demonstram a necessidade desta tutela e a carência de instrumentos aptos a garantir a imperatividade de documentos que regulam a matéria. O artigo afirma que o Direito Penal é o meio estatal mais eficaz para a tutela da vida e integridade física. Salienta que a existência de termo de consentimento para a realização dessas pesquisas é necessária, mas não afasta, contudo, a responsabilidade penal eventualmente existente.

The evolution of humanity encourages the development of technologies, especially in regard to research involving human beings. In this context lies the protection of people from the risks of research. The article analyzes the criminal dignity and the lack of criminal protection in relation to research involving human beings. It notes serious situations that demonstrate the need for this protection and the lack of instruments that guarantee the imperativeness of documents about this subject. It states that Criminal Law is the most effective way to protect life and physical integrity. The article says the consent form is necessary, but it doesn't avoid the criminal responsibility.

La evolución de la humanidad estimula el desarrollo de tecnologías, especialmente en lo que respecta a la investigación involucrando seres humanos. Ahí se encuentra la protección de las personas ante los riesgos de las investigaciones. Este artículo examina la dignidad criminal y la falta de tutela penal en las investigaciones involucrando seres humanos. En el artículo se constata graves situaciones que demuestran la necesidad de esta tutela y la falta de instrumentos capaces de garantizar la exigencia de los documentos que rigen la materia. El artículo afirma que el Derecho Penal es el medio estatal más efectivo a la protección de la vida e integridad física. Señala que es necesaria la existencia del consentimiento para llevar a cabo este tipo de investigación, pero no descarta, sin embargo, la responsabilidad penal que puede existir.

OBJECTIVE: This research intends to discuss sexual harassment within the doctor-patient relationship based on four parameters: doctor's characteristics, accuser's characteristics, accusation characteristics, and the evaluation by the Medicine Council of São Paulo. METHOD: It is a descriptive, quantitative approach using a retrospective documental analysis. Studied subjects were doctors who were allegedly engaged in sexual harassment. This analysis considered all accusations made from January 2000 to December 2005 (n=150). RESULTS: For this type of sexual abuse, there was a prevalence of male professionals (96.6%) who committed abuse against female patients (90.3%) during adulthood (77.7%). The mean age of the accused was 46.87 years, ranging from 30-76 years, concentrated between 46-75 years. The intrinsic difficulty of understanding sexual harassment by a professional constrained ethical evaluation of the cases, with 24.1% of the cases being considered proceeding charges by the professional council. When the cases were recognized as proceeding, they were either filed (88.2%) or were considered to be ethical infringement (11.8%) becoming Professional Ethical Process (PEP). In the majority of proceeding cases (87%), there was a Police Occurrence Report enclosed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of sexual abuse by professionals was independent of education, as the accused professionals came from a large variety of medical colleges, without significant differences related to institution. The predominance of accusations against older professionals may occur due to the frail personality structure that allows professional acting out. Objective evidence is very important in ethical evaluations compared to psychological and subjective evidence.

Os autores realizam um estudo a respeito de uma correlação entre a bioética e a psicologia médica. Dividem o trabalho em duas partes. A primeira discute os conceitos filosóficos sobre a distinção entre moral e ética, trata da ética ligada à medicina e dedica-se à bioética, procurando definir o que se compreende por essa disciplina, descrevendo seus três princípios básicos: a autonomia, a beneficência, não-maleficência e a justiça. Portanto, traça nesta parte do trabalho, uma trajetória que partiu da ética em sua vertente filosófica até chegar à ética em sua aplicação à medicina. A segunda parte é dedicada a definição do campo da psicologia médica, estudando aspectos da relação emocional do indivíduo doente com a sua doença, da relação do médico com a medicina e enfoca o relacionamento do médico com seu paciente. Discutem algumas situações clínicas em que se observa essa correlação. No final, buscam elaborar algumas conclusões.

The authors make a study about the correlation between bioethics and medical psychology. They divide the study in two parts. The first part they discuss the philosophical concepts about the distinction between morals and ethics, they deal with ethics applied to medicine and they are trying to define what is meant by subject and describe its three basic principles: autonomy, beneficence, non maleficence and justice. Consequently in this part they trace route that started from ethics in its philosophical origins and moved on to ethics in its application to medicine. The second part is dedicated to the definition of the field of study of medical psychology, they study some aspects of the emotional relation of the patient with his illness, the relation of the doctors of his medicine and the relacionship between doctor and his patient. They discusse some clinical issues where they observe this correlation. At last, they try to draw some conclusions.

A bioética, como ramo da filosofia que enfoca as questões relativas a saúde e a vida humana, está intimamente ligada à idéia de justiça e igualdade. Desta forma, entendendo o conceito de igualdade em sua acepção original, ou seja, associando-o à idéia de tratar desigualmente os desiguais na medida de suas desigualdades, observamos que a denominada "lista única de espera" para transplantes, prevista na Lei 9.434/97, acaba por se afastar do conceito de igualdade e justiça, norteadores da bioética, mesmo considerando os critérios objetivos de precedência previstos na Portaria n.o 3.407/98. Assim, a organização dos transplantes em lista única de espera, com tímidas exceções para alguns casos, sem a análise técnica e fundamentada, caso por caso, quanto à necessidade preeminente, acaba institucionalizando desigualdades, relegando os pacientes à própria sorte e apartando-se, assim, da ratio legis, que visa buscar maior justiça no que tange ao transplante de órgãos. Concluímos, então, a partir da análise da legislação e dos princípios da bioética e justiça, pela necessidade da criação de um colegiado de médicos experts, que baseados em critérios técnicos e de forma fundamentada, possam analisar cada caso para fins de inclusão na lista de espera, de acordo com a necessidade e preeminência, evitando-se, assim, que pessoas em situações desiguais sejam tratadas igualmente.

Bioethics, as a branch of philosophy that focuses on questions relative to health and human life, is closely tied to the idea of justice and equality. As such, in understanding the concept of equality in its original sense, that is, in associating it to the idea to treat "unequals" (those who are unequal or different, in terms of conditions or circumstances) unequally (differentially), in proportion to their inequalities (differences), we see that the so-called "one-and-only waiting list" for transplants established in law no. 9.434/97, ends up not addressing the concept of equality and justice, bearing upon bioethics, even when considering the objective criteria of precedence established in regulation no. 9.4347/98, Thus, the organizing of transplants on a one-and-only waiting list, with a few exceptions that are weakly applicable, without a case by case technical and grounded analysis, according to each particular necessity, ends up institutionalizing inequalities, condemning patients to happenstance and, consequently, departs from the ratio legis, which aims at seeking the greatest application of justice in regards to organ transplants. We conclude, therefore, that from an analysis of the legislation and of the principles of bioethics and justice, there is a need for the creation of a collegiate of medical experts, that, based on medical criteria and done in a well established manner, can analyze each case to be included on the waiting list, deferentially and according to the necessity; thus, precluding that people in special circumstances be treated equal to people in normal circumstances.